![]() ![]() Type 2 fibers are further subdivided into type 2A, 2X, and 2B fibers (Schiaffino & Reggiani, 2011). In the skeletal muscle of most animals, there are two major classifications of fiber type namely, type 1 and type 2 fibers. Unexpectedly, we observed no significant alterations in composition of muscle fiber types between the mice fed control and Yamabushitake-supplemented diets. These results indicate that Yamabushitake mushroom contains PPARδ agonistic ligands and that dietary intake of Yamabushitake mushroom could activate PPARδ in skeletal muscle of mice. Furthermore, feeding the Yamabushitake-supplemented diet to mice for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in muscle endurance. The Yamabushitake-supplemented diet up-regulated the PPARδ target genes Pdk4 and Ucp3 in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. After the treatment period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) freeze-dried Yamabushitake mushroom for 24 hr. ![]() In this study, we found that hexane extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom ( Hericium erinaceus) showed PPARδ agonistic activity in vitro. Previous research showed that overexpression of constitutively active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ, a nuclear receptor present in skeletal muscle, increased type 1 fibers in mice. Meat quality and composition of fiber types are thought to be closely related. Skeletal muscle fiber is largely classified into two types: type 1 (slow-twitch) and type 2 (fast-twitch) fibers.
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